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040概率困难derivationlong

Sequential Signal Updating and the Tower Property

题目

A quant researcher believes a directional signal has accuracy pp that is either 13\frac{1}{3} or 23\frac{2}{3}, each equally likely a priori. On each day the signal independently (given pp) predicts the market direction, and is correct with probability pp.

(a) On Day 1 the signal is correct. What is the posterior P ⁣(p=23C1)P\!\left(p = \tfrac{2}{3} \mid C_1\right)?

(b) On Day 2 the signal is wrong. Starting from the Day-1 posterior, compute the updated P ⁣(p=23C1,W2)P\!\left(p = \tfrac{2}{3} \mid C_1, W_2\right).

(c) Verify the tower property of conditional expectation: show that E[p]=E ⁣[E[pD1]]E[p] = E\!\left[\,E[p \mid D_1]\,\right], where D1{C1,W1}D_1 \in \{C_1, W_1\} denotes the Day-1 outcome. Compute all quantities explicitly.

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你的答案

(a)

(b)

(c) E[p]

(c) E[p|C1]

(c) E[p|W1]