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058概率中等derivationmedium

XOR Pairwise Independence Without Mutual Independence

题目

Let XX and YY be independent Bernoulli(1/2)\text{Bernoulli}(1/2) random variables. Define Z=XYZ = X \oplus Y (where \oplus denotes addition modulo 2). (a) Show that ZBernoulli(1/2)Z \sim \text{Bernoulli}(1/2). (b) Show that any two of {X,Y,Z}\{X, Y, Z\} are independent. (c) Are XX, YY, ZZ mutually independent? Exhibit a specific joint event that violates the mutual independence condition.

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c_mutually_independent