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325概率困难derivationmedium

Robust Comparable Pairs in Random Points

题目

Let X1,X2,,Xn\mathbf{X}_1, \mathbf{X}_2, \dots, \mathbf{X}_n be independent and uniformly distributed on [0,1]d[0,1]^d (the dd-dimensional unit hypercube). Two points Xi\mathbf{X}_i and Xj\mathbf{X}_j are called comparable if one dominates the other coordinatewise, i.e., either XiXj\mathbf{X}_i \le \mathbf{X}_j in every coordinate or XjXi\mathbf{X}_j \le \mathbf{X}_i in every coordinate. Find the expected number of comparable pairs.

Additional robustness twist: before observation, an independent random relabeling of outcome labels is applied. Compute the same target and justify invariance.

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