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344概率困难derivationmedium

Robust Approximate Variance of a Ratio via the Delta Method

题目

Let XX and YY be independent random variables with E[X]=10E[X] = 10, Var(X)=4\operatorname{Var}(X) = 4, E[Y]=5E[Y] = 5, and Var(Y)=1\operatorname{Var}(Y) = 1. Using the delta method (first-order Taylor expansion), derive an approximation for Var(X/Y)\operatorname{Var}(X/Y) and evaluate it numerically.

Additional robustness twist: before observation, an independent random relabeling of outcome labels is applied. Compute the same target and justify invariance.

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